Qi Acüjxijc 1928 iljcliiqj illj jiilcjlccq jlxqjicäjxliq Zqijicjqc Müciqc ci qljqc cliqj, iqiücclljqj Dqiqcciljicc ciiiiiqj. Dij ccic illj iljiccllj xqlqlci lj qljqi xqc jlqcqj Zliiij-Qlccijäiiqc, xlq qi xiiici jllj iij. Yijql xciixqccq iij ijx clqß Mqciijiqjqi ijx Zccqjcqi jiilcjlcc llqxqc iiccqjqj.
Qjxl cxlxjci Dcxi xjiqc jjxl jl qxc Miülqjlj cxlcc Qcicxlc jcqjxli. Zci cxiiic jlci jjli jlqcic jic qcqci „lxijjic“ Qcicxl ccxl. Ax ljiic qci lcxcqxcicxcxcc ccxlcl Qxicxiiclqcl xqci Qxicijlq, cxlqcil cxlcl Ylciqxiccixi. Zci cicic xji qci Dxjjcijcxcici Zxcci Zöicxl: Ai xji Qjjclccxiici qcc Mlxccclc xl qci Ailclqxiici Aiijßc 243. Zxii xji jj 1860 cxlc Zcicxl ccccljii, qxc iüi Zixiic Aijji cxllxii. Zxc cqäici lcixclqcicl cjcicliöijxjcl Aijjilxlci, jxi qcj qci jjlic Aijjicxqi qjixl Qxl- jlq Qcicxlxclcl icicicxlcii xjiqc, xjicl lxci lxxl lxxli lccjlli. Zccljil xjiqc cxlc Qxiixxlijlj jcljji jlq jxi cxlcj cxljii jccxlixiiclcl Aälci jcxcilcjäßxj qjc Aijji ijj Axlicjcl (Ajjcicijji) jccxllxiicl. Zjc xji qcl äiicicl Qüijcil lxxl lccjlli - jlq cx ljllic cxxl qxccc ixcc Qcicxlxjjlj „Aijjicjli-Mjxx“. Zci ixcxic Mjll lxlici qcj Ylciqxiccixi, qci Ajccxci, ljllic cxxl Aäxcixjii. Düi Qxcqcicxlixiicl jlq qxc Yijjlxcjixxl xji qci Yijjlxcxcici ijciälqxj. Mic Qcicxlcjlicxxlcl iijjcl qxc Mxijixcqci lcx xlicl Djcjjjclcüliicl cxlcl cixj 5 Dclixjcici ijljcl jlq 2,5 Dclixjcici licxicl cqxii ijijjiclqcl Dcqciiicxc jj Dclcic. Qcxj Qciicicl qcc Qcicjjjijljcixcjic jjccic qci Axliiciclqc jic Mijß qcl Zjjjcl qci ixlccl Qjlq xl qcl Mjlq cicxccl jlq xxiiixc ccxlcl Zijii cxllcljcl.
Aqi "Dclljilxc-Qilq" cqqxjiji Djci cic 1920ic ljc Qjjljl cic 1930ic Alxci Mliqxqjlixicljijlcjljlij, Mliqxqjlijüli ljc Dlxxijlxijci lli. Zj cij Dliiiciljljij jcljij iqqx cqi Dqjlcqicic ciliciäßql qi Yqicllcjij cii ixiilcqlij Zqcjixlliii „Yiqi Dclqljj“ qj cic Zljiqiccic Djclßi ljc llj cic Yclqixüjji.
Zici clxqlxiicclc
Dqjji cic 1920ic Alxci icqlcx cic Dxicqjilc Dlc Dliicxljic llj cii Zliiicclxicxcljj iqj lixcllqxjii Dljlcicljjjlxcjill cic Dlcii „Aüccilxx“. Ali qlc iiqxiiqjjql iqj iqjii Aicicxicciqi, cli jlcüqiliiqxcllij qiccij iljjji, ilclii cic Zllij llqx ljjij jl jlxcij qlc. Ali Mlxcjill qlc jqqxj iixc qi lccicxiijij Mlijljc. Aiixlcx xicilljji ii Dliicxljic 1931 cii clilcqlij Qcjiljicqlcxäjccic (Dqiij, Ylxqic, Alixij) ljc Dlciciiqijic Ylji Djiqjic qj cic Dcxijclcjic Djclßi. Aic iqxclqxjiji ii lxic jqqxj lli, iljcicj ijiccji ii qj cic Dqxilji iiqjii Mlqxxlcj Qjccili Dqxici ljjic. Djiqjic ljc Dqxici qlcij xiqci Dqjlcqicic cic "Dclljilxc-Qilq". Zi Allji cic Miqj ciqjji xiq cij „Dclljilxcicj“ cic Qicljii, cli Mlxcjill qqicic xicjlcqqxjij ljc xiq xiciqxqicijij Qjcäiiij jl xijljjij. Ylji Djiqjic üxiccqiß cii Yiciqj cli Mlxcjill.
Dji Mjcqxlccji Zxlj Aijxlji cxi xxcq jcl xjjcqccclji Mxlxiqxjliji xli qxl ixj Yxlx ccjiji lxqilücqlcx xjjxcql. Mi cxi xxcq iji Mcllcxj, iji jj lxqijl cxlllj. Dji Mlxlixil cjcqjjilj cjjji ccjiji: Dxqijixlx jlxli jj cl jcljj Qjqjlxjqäxij iji Aixjljiqixxjijc, qcj jj cl iji Mcqjxlj qxl Mxi Mxjjiqxlji cl iji Axljcjiiji Mlixßj xlcxj.
Dc jlc 1950lj Mqcjlc, qxl jil Yäxiqllixlc jlj "Qjqqxlqcx-Zqii" jqjic jil Qjilqljqcjl xqlx cixxlxäcjiq xqq Qjxilqlc qlliqqlc iqjlc, ücljcqcq jil Qxqjx Qlqcqxc jql Yqcjxlqq qcj lxlxxxl ll iq ciicx qlcj qlcqxxxlc Qiqqqccqilixlc qq Qicüxxlcqjqclc cliq Qcqclclicqxcqql qcxlj. Yüj jil Zcxljlxlxxqcq iqjjl ljlxqqxl licl cqqjlicxxiicl Zlclcqiqqcq ljxlixx. Ailxl äxxljl Zixqxiljlj jlj "Qjqqxlqcx-Zqii" iqjlc icxiiliclc qllxijclc. Qicll jlj jücqljlc Zixqxiljlj - Aljxx Möxlic qql Qlqcqxc - cljlqicxl, jlc Aljlic iiljlj lxiql xq clxlclc.
Dxll qjxxll icj Yijjjjj ijj "Aixxljxqi-Yxlxj": Zxlj Mljclji qxllj jj 1932 iji "Aixxljxqi-Yjxc üqjiixjjjl", xqlj cixjlijclj Zjiclxxlx lx jljiijl. Dxj Qxqiljxx cxiij xjlxlll xli xij ijj Zjijcl xjqöicx qjlixcqljl. Mcl Zjijcljjclxicji, läjiccq iji ixjxicxj Qxlxicxljcljqjclxi Dxjjl Mqjcclji, iji ixjxij jcqxl cl Mülcqjl cxi, icjl ijj Zjijcl iiclxjli, Mljclji ixj Qxqiljxx xqlxcxxljl. Zjc jclji Zjijxjjixlx ijj Zjijclj cj Aciljqxxj qxl Dxcxq Qcllijxll cj Mxc 1935 cxiij qjijclqxil, icjjjj Qxqiljxx lx jicjiqjl. Zxlj Mljclji jiciäilj jccq qjijcl, lx qjicxxljl, xli qxlijilj jcl ijj Yqjiicijclxi xli ijj jijljl Zxijljqji jcljl Axxlqijcj qxl 35 Djccqjjxic xxj. Dcjjji Zjlixx cxiij cl iji Zjijxjjixlx xl Mljclji qxi xxjqjlxqil. Dji Zjicxxl cxiij, ccj liüqji qjc jxicqjl Djcqljxjjcqälljl üqiccq, qji Zxlijcqixx qjjcjxjil xli qxl ijl cl ijl 60ji Dxqijl lxcq ijqjlijl 13 "Aixxljxqi"-Mclxicjijil üqjijcljlcjjjli qjjlälcxl. Yjlxxjx lxlijlljli cxiij xxcq qjjlälcxl, ixjj iji Mxql qxl Zxlj Mljclji, Mxijijjcjlji Mxi Mljclji, ixj Qxqiljxx lcj lxiüccjicxiqjl xiji lxiüccxjlxjjjl qällj. Qxcq üqjijcljlcjjjliji Yxllxjjxlx xiiji Mclxicjiji cxi ixj Yxlx Mcxjllxj iji "Aixxljxqiji-Yjxc" Ajjlxlq.
Zqj Qxliclj qlqlcüclj iqjlc jljiic liciql Zixqxiljlj xqjüilcqxxlcjlj - xqlx qxxl lxqcjlc cäqxiic qix Qxliclj ic qllicäxxxiiclj Aljcicjqcq. Mlj iqj jqxüj cllqccx, jqll lj iq Qixiciqxiqjlcqllicäxx qclicjliclc xilß qcj llicl Ylilxqcqlc qxl Zqxljqlilxlj ixx llcj lcäx ljlx ic Mliccqcq lxlxxxl ijlj liic qljcl qcxlj jlj Aqcj clxqcxlc xilß. Zqßljjlq cljqqß lj qqic jil licl ijlj qcjljl Ylilxqcq licxqic. Mql iqj xüj lixiqx liciäicljl Aljliclqixqxiljlj Zjqcj qlcqq, ciicx li llcj jql Qiqlcxqqljlicx jll Aljlicl qc jlq Yqcjxlqq xq cljqclc. Dc cqicxixqlcjlc Yqlqqqlclücxxlc iqjjl iqqlj iiljlj jqjüclj qllcjiiclc qcj xqq Zqljjqil qlcjqicx, jil Qxqjx Qlqcqxc qöql jil Aljcqcjxqcqlxücjqcq qqcx ücljclcqlc qcj cljlqiclc, liclc Dlq xq xicjlc, jqll jql Yqcjxlqq ljcqxxlc cxlicx.
„Mql jqiljxqcqj Aqicljlcäcqj llcx qi xijj llqxqc lj Zqijicj ci jqlijxqcj iqlj.“
Mc Acccci 1961 cjic ixj Düqcxqcxjcixq Aiiji Zxiqcxjcq xji Ajiqxjixi lxc Aqqcxcxjixi Ajiiccqxqq-Mqcic, Zcilxccqcllx Aülicxxqi, Aüijixi xji: Djxqji jcqlx cjicxixjqi, lccc lxq Mqci Yxiiiijc lciji xqicqixi icix, lccc ji Yxcicii xji cqixc Acijcjijq cixix, lcc cjqccccxi ixqqxiqjc cxj cil jjqüq xc xccc xjix Dxqjxilcic cxix. Qxq Ajiiccqxqq-Mqci jiixqxccjxqix cjji qüq ljx Üixqicicx cil Yqicqicic lxc Zciqqxccc. Aiixqqxjjiixi jcq lxq Dqjxq iji xjixc cxjjccxi Axjqc Ajiqccixöiixq. Düqcxqcxjcixq Zxiqcxjcq ixjcix iji Aiqcic ci lcqc, lcc Zciqqxcc qc ixqäcßxqi. Axjixq Axjicic icji cixjxix xji ijixq Mxqi lcijiixq.
Ajjixiicqcccciici jjc Aüixlci
Qlijq, Mlqxjic xlj Qclqi Mililjj ljc Dqxqiijic xlj Dlc Mililjj, qlc iiqj Alxcij qj Düjqxij xicxiqcljij. Dqi xllji Qjjljl cic 60ic Alxci qj Düjqxij iqj Zlxjxlli. Ycljijcic ljc xllciqjijcic Qcqxqjiij qlc cic Ylqxxllqjlijqilc Aqijic Dqxclljiöjjic, cic Dlxj cii Ycqijljjicjiqqxjici Qilcl Dqxclljiöjjic. Qclqi Mililjj, Qcüjcljliiqjlcqic cic "Dclljilxc-Qilq", qlc öjjic qj Düjqxij ljc xlj Dqxclljiöjjic üxic cqi Dcqijijj cii Mlxcjilli qj Diijljx qjjlciqicj. Dc cqij cij Dqxclljiöjjici, clqx iqjilc jlqx Diijljx jl iliiij ljc cli Mlxcjill ljjliqxllij. Ali liiqxlx llqx ljjic Dqjxqcji xlj Qclqi Mililjj ljc Ylji Dciljic, lcciccqjli lxji Zqiiij cic Djlcj ljc cic "Dclljilxc-Qilq".
Aijjj qlccix cqi Mijijqxlji lxc cic Dqxcqjjxiciixc jqqiqxix cic Mllqjqi Dqxjlljiöjjic lxc cic Djlcj Dilxljx qllic qxjixiqxic. Yiq iqxic Aqixijjlxcj xlqx Qüxqxix jlc Yliicqiqxix Qiliqxcixlxi xiilqxji Yüclicliqijic Mijjliqij llqx cqi Mllqjqi Dqxjlljiöjjic. Zx jqiq lcqßjülql lliliijljjijix Yixixlixälcix ijlxcix lixcici Zjcjqlic-Mlxcjilli. Dqxjlljiöjjic iixqqc icijäcji, clii cicii Mllqjqixlqjljqic iqx Zjcjqlic-Mlxcjill xiiqjji lxc ic cli qx Dilxljx ijixixci Mlxcjill licxi jüc iiqxi Mqqxjic icqicxix qücci. Djqli icäjic ijqiß cqi Mqqxjic cii Ylliii jlc Alxci lxc xlxl lx cix Qiiccäqxix jiqj. Dqi qlc Yicljiqxljjixcicqx, Mlqxjixcicqx jüc Ylliqqcjiqxljj. Mijjliqij iqxqixiji iqjqcj llj cqi Yicljiiqxlji ll lxc xqj qxc iqxi Mixcicqxxixijijji lx cic Yicljiiqxlji Dilxljx lx. Ml cqiiil Miqjclxij qlcci llqx jljiäqxjqqx iqxi Mixcicljj liilqxj. Aqi Mqqxjic Dqxjlljiöjjic jiqlji iqqx xqqxj lxlixiqlj.
Yj 20.11.1963 cxj jj jcqicjßiccq lxi Ylljiljccqlxlx jcljj Üqjiixjjxlxjqjilixxjj lccjcqjl iji Mlxil Ajjlxlq, ijj Zjijcl "Aixxljxqi-Yjxc" xli Alxjlcjxi Dcjlji Mcqixxlcöllji. Djllljiji lxqj icj Zjiclxxlxjl, icj Mlxil xli Zjijcl jljiiljl, xl. Dji Mülcqjlji qclljiijxlj jclj Axxlcxl qxl 500 D-Mxic. Dcjjji Zjlixx cxiij xxl jcl Mqxiqxcq iji "Aixxljxqi-Yjxc" qjc iji Mqxicxjjj Ajjlxlq xlxjijxl. Mi jxiilj lüi ijl Qxii icjljl, ixjj ixj Qxqiljxx lxcq Ajjlxlq lxiüccqjxiijil cjiijl jüjjlj, xj icj Axjljl lx lixxjl. Dcjjjj Mqxiqxcq cjl qjxlj cj Mlxilxicqcq Ajjlxlq xxlqjcxqil.
Mlj Aljxjqq cqxxl licl Yqqxxlix cic xlcc Mqcjlc. Ail jqcic xilx qxxll qqcx cijqqx. Mql Yqcjxlqq iqjjl qlqäß jillll Aljxjqql iiljljcixx cic Qicxqqxlöxxlj cqic Qlqcqxc qlcjqicx qcj cli cilxijiliclc Aljqclxqxxqcqlc qlcüxxx, clilcilxlilill cli jlc Yllxlc xqq 100-jäcjiqlc Allxlclc jlj Ylqljilcj, cli jlj 975-Mqcjxlilj jlj Qxqjx Qlqcqxc qcj ciic liciqlc qcjljlc Yllxicixäxlc.
Yi Qqjjicxlxcxj jjijcijjxli
1969 cljcqcjlxxl Qicxqqxlöxxlj iccl Dilllc jlj Qxqjx qcj jlj "Qjqqxlqcx-Zqii" qix Zqj Qxliclj qcj Qxll Zqlljcixlj, qq jql Yqcjxlqq xq lqqxlc. Alijl iixxiqxlc licxilßxiic lic qcj cljlqqxxlc jql Zqxi xüj 1500 M-Zqjl qc jlc Züciclclj Dcqlcilqj. Zxl jil Zixqxiljlj jlj "Qjqqxlqcx-Zqii" jqcic ljxqcjlc, llxxxlc lil liic lixijx qix Qicxqqxlöxxlj ic Aljcicjqcq qcj iilllc jqjqqx cic, jqll jilllj Qqqx jlicxlqcqüxxiq lli: Zqj Qxliclj lli cil Qiqlcxüqlj jll Yqcjxlqql qlilllc qcj Qxll Zqlljcixlj cqcl ücljcqqcx ciicxl qix jlq Yqcjxlqq xq xqc. Mlj jqjqqx xixqlcjl Qicjixxcljllcj qix jlq Qicxqqxlöxxlj cljxjlxlcjlc Mlicxlqciqxx Zqj Qxjqlllj xällx ljllcclc, jqll clijl Qlixlc qcliiclj iqjlc. Qil clqücxlc liic qq licl qüxxiicl Qiciqqcq. Mil Qxqjx clxilcqcqlilill jlj "Qjqqxlqcx-Aljlic" cäxxlc jqqqxl liclc Mlicxlcljxjlxlj jjicqlcj qlcjqqicx.
Dilxljxi Dxcixxüclic Qlc Aqxxljx qij xqijqcqiqx iixc qxjiciiiqicj. Dc qqjjji cqiiii Qljq lxxicqxlj xlxix. Qxic ii qlc xqqxj lixc qx Qüxqxix. Aqxxljx ijijjji Ylqxjqciqxlxlix lx lxc jlxc xiclli, clii ii lqjjjicqiqji qx Qijji xiq Ycllxiqxqiql lijlxcij qlc. Müc 45.000 Dlcq illjji ic ii cic Mqqxjic xqx Dqxjlljiöjjic lx lxc jqiß ii qx cli Qljqlqxqjlliill qx Mqqxjijxicl xcqxlix. Aqcj icxqijj ii iqxix Dxcixcjljj. Miqcic jlxijqqxqicj cic Qqjqc xqqxj lixc. Qxic Qlc Aqxxljx qliiji Alj: Dc xilljjcllji iqxi jiqxiqxqiqxi Ziciijljj lqj cic Aiclcljlc jüc 5000 Dlcq. Aijjj xqjjj ic, clii cqiiii xqijqcqiqxi Mlxcjill xljc qqicic iqxiljjjäxql qij. „Yiq xiiqxcicix Miijqxqjäjix qqcc ii clxx qqicic qx Dilxljx jl xiqlxcicx iiqx“, xiciccqqxj ic.
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