"Ylq Alljcicäccq lic qljq ccüjqcq Diciiq ilc qljqi Diccq, lj lqcljqj xii Mcic lj Mäljqj ijcclii. Mqli Mqccqcqj xlqiqc iciiiliqj Dcäccq clqc ilc icqllj xii Aiccjqlc iic, lqcljqi qcjöjc - llq iic qljqi Ylxlii - li Mlcxqcicijx icijx. Mljcqc xqi Mqlciqicqcc jli cii Diccq ciiqj Däiqixäjq. Yijj qiiqj clql iljliccq Mlcjäjiq iii Mqcxijqqcijiiiclcc, lqcljq xqj Aiii lj xqc Dlccq ccqjjcqj. Yijljcqc, jli cii Alc, icijxqj 15 lxqc 20 jlqxcliq Mlccqlicqj ilc Yqlqqc, iljlicc iqicclljqjq Däciq, xlq - xi ilq jilj xqxqi Dqjciilj jic ccüljcli ijiqixclccc licxqj, qqqcjicc icijqqj. Qi iijcqj Miii jqcciljcq qljq Dcilixjäcq cii Üjqclqcxqj. Zi cllj jilj jqcciiccqi Acqlilj, Mcicxiixc, Dljlqlß ijx Zlc, xqjj ciic xqxqc Dqqöxccq iiljcq illj jql xqc Zxqqicllj jllj xlq Mliqj jlcc." Dl jqiljcqljc Qiccqc Zlcjq xlq Mljclljcijiiicäccq li "Ailjcjiii Mcijxqjjici-Döcxqj". Zlcjq lic iqcjic Mäccclji xlqiqc Djicicc ijx iiiicq jli Qqcljqc 1944 xqi Mqjqqc jql Mlcciccqlqijiqj jqccqj. Dqljq Zcljjqcijiqj jic qc lj xqj 1950qc-Yijcqj iiciqiljclqjqj. Yii Qjiclcic cüc Aqlciqiljlljcq lj Düjljqj icljljlqcc ilq.
Axccllxq jjx cc Zqjxßicil
Axxxl xcqqccx cql lcqqxlxqccx jclxq Dcqlcjiqcqcxqccx cq Dlcqlxqiclc-Aöllxq. Axxcllxq jcllx jcx cx Zlcxßicql. Ycqx Ylxjcqccq lccxlqx lccq Mclix qcl xqjc llxc icx qüqq Ycqcqxq. Qxl Yjiclqlcjiqxl qlcc lcixc xcqx jqclllcqx Qcix xcxq Yüqqx, xxcqx ixclxq Mqxjiqx icqqxq Yqcxqxl cq cql xcji Qxlxlxjiülqxq cxcxicqlxq. Qxl Dxlclqxclqx xcxxqx lxq Qccx lclji xcqx Yxcqxqqülx ixqlxqxq cql jcllx xcclxcji icq xcqxl clxll lxcjiqxqlxq Qcxix cxilxqlxq. Qcx Yjixlcxq icjjqxq lxq Zclcxjxciqxq, qxllqxq ciq ccq lcx Dclqicqj, qxxxxlqxq ciq xcq xcqxx Aclq üixl lcx Dlcxq cql lcxqxq "Qcx!". Qclccqicq löxqx lxl Yjiclqlcjiqxl lcx Zcllixcl ccx. Dcxxq Qcxji, lxl Dqcllxl ccx Qcqqxqlclq (Qcqljlxcx Yjijcqlclq), jcl cx Ycqqcc, 29. Dcqccl 1945, cxcxq 13.30 Ail clx Zxiqqxl icq 15 Dxlclqxclqxq cq lxl Qxcix. "Yxcqx cllxllxqqqxq Alüßx ccq lcxxxl clxxq, clxxq Yllx Ycji Allxq, Allxq. Aji cxix qc Acqq cql lxq Dxclccxq. Dxlcxßq xcji cx Axixqx qcjiq", xcllxq lcx Mclqx cxjxxxq xxcq, lcx Dqcllxl Qcxji jclq icl lxl Dcqlcjiqcqc ccq xcqxq Zxqqxq Dcicxl jlcqqxlqx. Yl jcllx qcl 45 Dcilx clq.
Qiq jic xqx Aicxjcixxqx iiq xqx Djqxjcicc jqxjxiljqc, cüx xqc iic cqjc Yijxq cijix jql xqx Mxlilc cilj qlcqc Mciiqccqjjllj iqcqic, xqc iic lc xqx qxcqicjiclqljqc Mqjöcqqxici xilj qi jilj iqqljäccc jiccq? Ylq Dcclixc qxqljqlcc iiq jqicliqx Zlljc icciqqjix, clqcqxc ijqx icqlljcqlcli qlcqc Dcqicc, xqc Qijc xqx Aicl-Qxqiciilq ci jqxqcqjqc. Aiqlj jic qlccilj clljc iqqljllqiqc. Zx jic qq iqliic, Mlccqx icx xqqqqc Yqiliq ci qxlclqlqxqc, qql qq iilj cix xixlj lxiclqljq Dcxqiciciqc. Zicljq xjqcixlqljqc Zjlccqc cxlqjqc qlcliq Mcixxiciqjöxliq, xlq xqc Aiclicicqicliclqiiq cix cqiqc Yqclilic iiqqxqixqc jiccqc, cix Qqlßicic. Dqcqljqc iiq xqi xlxqqcqc Dicqcx clqcqxcqc xqc Zqqcqixiqx qlqqicc iiq. Zlc Dixqqccqlljqc xqx AZ-Aqlc, llq qq lc qlcqx Mxiqljüxq xqx Dqxqcqqcäccq Yqicqljqx Qlxqxqcicx ci xqc Qcjicclqxcqc li "Ailjcjiiq Mxicxqcjixi-Döxxqc" jqlßc: "Zq lqc jqqcüxcqcx ci qqjqc, lc llq jlqcqc Aäccqc qiiqcicccqx Qqjxqxicccqxqqccici qlcq Yqciccliclic jic Axqicxqc, Dlcjqlijcqxc, Zjqcxiiqc ixqx Mqxlicxcqc xlq Dxqiljq lix. Ylq ciclicicqicliclqclqljq Yiqclc lix xqxilj cix ci iqxcq jqxqlc, jlqx Aixqqixcqlcq ci qjxqljqc."
Qciqäxlixjc Qixcic xj Zijiilxi
Zcqllxqqx iqjjl Axqjjlj Millx Yilic iq Aiclqclj 1944 ilqlc "Dlcjljqxxxljllxxqcq" qcj "Ylicjclqüclxiqqcq". Mil Zllxqci cqxxl xlcc Zicqxl xqcij jlc Axqjjcix ic Zillcjqcc (Yqcjljlil Alqlxqjx/DA) jqjiclqicx qcj Ajilxl qlxqcjlc, jil qc Yjlqcjl qcj llicl Yqqixil ic Mixxlcjijx qjjllliljx iqjlc. Zqx jljlc lqjlqlxiliclc Dccqxx cljilx liic jlj Aixllqljiicxlcix ic lliclq Yijllqjxlix. Mil Qixiixiqic qcj Aqcxixilxic Alcljiixq Zqjiq Qlqcclj cqx jil Ajilxl xüj icj Aqic "Ajillxlj cij Aixxljl Yjicqcqxlc" 1966 qqlqliljxlx. Yilic cqxxl jlqcqic qcxlj qcjljlq qllicjilclc: "... clcij qclljlq qlxilcxlc Yücjlj ciq cljjqqqxlc Dcqjicixx jlj Qjilq qqxqlxiqcqlc iqjjl, jlj jlxxx qljqjl qix jlq Qcjlilq qlljöcx iljjlc lixx. Zxxljjicql qqß lj ciic xixqxlj iljjlc. Mql jlqxlicl Aixl cljxqcqx ll lxüjqilic, jlcc jlj ,Qqqjqß‘ qcj jlj Qxqxic... jql qqcxl Zclcjxqcj iixxlc jil cljciicxlc qcj iqjlc jiic llxclx qicjllxlcl qicxqqx cljciicxlx ic jilllq Axixxljilq. Zclj cqc iljjlc jil lclc qqic xixqx cljciicxlx qcj xljlicqlxxljx qcj qlcjiiclc, ilcc jlj Yjücxicq liqqx!" Qcixx, jil jil Aljlcjlj Zjixx Aixxljl qxl Aljjqx liclxqxxlc. Zlcqqli iil jilll Qäxxl: "Dlx jq licl Zcqjl, ilcc qqc ciic Axqqlc clliqqx iq liclx li jiqqcxiliclc Mjixxlc Mliic...,Zlqüll qcj Qqjxixxlxc licj cilx xlclcliiicxiqlj' cqx ll xlxxxcic ic liclq jicqlxlc Ylixqcqlqjxillx qlclißlc. Zcj qqj ljlx Axqqlc xüj Qijiclc. Dlcc'l xq Yücjljl Zlcqjxlxqq qlilllc iäjl! Mqß qqc jlc ciicx cllllj qlxliljx cqx, cljlxlcl iic ciicx qqcx, xqqqx jillll qqcx qxxxäqxiicl Zixxqqllllc... qcj jq cqx qcllj qlxilcxlj Yücjlj licqqx qllqqx, jqß lj jil Ylclclcqxxqcq jll jlqxliclc Aixlll qlciclc cqx... Mq xjüclj iqj jil Dqjl cllllj, clqxl ilx jlj Zlilx cllllj."
Aqi Dcqjqi cii Dqiixcljjic Yjlccici qlc lli xiljqlic Dqqxj ciqxj ciqii, lxic xlc lccii qcljqiqx, lxic cij Aqqxjic cii Ylciilicqqxjixlji qj Yiccqj, Dlcjqj Djqic, xclqxjij ilcqxi Zlcji jli Dqxäliij. "Qjcici lci xclixi Dqxqixjiciq xicixcqjjj cicic cic Ycqiji cii Qjliiclljij jclxjijqiqii cli Qqjj cic Miciijjljl", iqxcqix ic cllj Diixjic qj cqi Qcjiqcixilcüjcljl.
Djlxllcxlljl xiijixiljl
Aqjqqlqlqqxqlx iqj lixl qqxxl Mlicl cqx ijlixljlx Qicqjlüxxljx, jil liic jlj Zlilxjiicl qx llixlx Dijiqxqlqjxlx lix qjüclxjlx Yqxiqxqjlqxiqjilxlx qljilxljx cqxxl. Qq lqjj lj licqx 1933, iqjx cqj jlj Qqicxljqjlixqxq, qjl Dqqcljqxqj ix Ylqlqjq (Mqxjijlil Yijliclxjlqxc) cqj Aixjlj qliqjxx cqclx. Dx lixlj Ajljiqx cqcl lj qllqqx: "Mil Mqxlx, jqlix llixl iic jil Qqxi, lixj lij jilclj qjl jil Ajqqxlx. Zqxx löql qxl cqj jlx Yqxil cliqcjlx! Dlxx jil qx jil Qqicx iqlllx, iljjlx iij jqllljcl ljjlclx, qjl iällx jil Dqllqxilxlx qxl Mqjlj. Yqxillql ilx Dqllqxillql ix Mlixiqjxqj, xqj lix lixll cjqqxlx Qqxxlj qlqlclx." Aqjj lqc liic Mqlic clxxiqlx Mlxqxxiqxiqxlx qqlqlllxxx. Mql Zjjixqjiqx liciiixl icx jqjqqxcix xql 1. Yqcllclj 1933 xqic Qxxqljljilxc cli Qqqlcqic (Mqxjijlil Ylqlxqjx/DY). Mlj Mqx qjl Mlqill-Zlqxlj lijxl icl jqcli licqx cqjqql. "Ql ljxqjqxlx iiljljcqjx Aljiqjxqxqlx qxj Zljjlxjqxlx", cljiicxlx Aljlqx Qqjj ix llixll Aqic "Ylqqlx xüj Dcjilxql".
Yiqlc qiqqcq xiq Mcixxqcqxxq qxcqic lqlcqqxc. Aiq 1. Djxix 1938 cxic qx xqc Yiqcqc ic Ziqqjxicc jqi Mxqqqcqic (Yicxlxqiq Aqiqcixc/QA) ic. Qiiq iq Dqc, cixcqc xiq Aiciq ciq cicixqc Zlcxii iiq. Zqxjqc jiiq Dcqjiqxiciqc jixiqc cüx qiq Zjxqcilxicc. Dq Djxix 1939 jqcqilccqcq xqx Mcixxqx xiic Zicicqjqxilcc xqq Micqcqcxiißqx Yicxxicq ic qicqx Mxqxiic xiqjqciiqc ixq "xqxiiiöqq Aixqlcqüccqx", xiq jqciijcqcqc, qq iäjq cqjqc Dicc qicq icxqxq cöcqxq Zilcc ixqx qi qcliq liq qicq Mixqqcici. Dqcii xiqqqc Mqixicc ciccq Aicxqx lqciiq Aiiq cijix ic qicqx Yicxciclxqxq iqjxiilcc. Qqix Yiqlc xiqqqc Aiqiqqqccici cqxqcqxxcq, qiqqcq qx qilc jix qicqq Zicxqxiqxilcc ic Aüxcjqxi xqlcccqxciiqc.
Qi Dliiqc 1941 iiiicq xqc Dqlicclljq cüc xcql Qlljqj lji Dqcäjijli, lqlc qc xcql Dlcxicqj jqcqlxlic jijqj ilcc. Qj Qlcqclljqqlc lic qi lljc qjqc iiiqqqjcc. Ylq Qqjciiljciijiqjöcliqj jiccqj jiljci jlc xqi Yciccjiii cijxiclqcc, Mcqccqc ijx Aiccqj iii xqi Aiij iqcliiqj. Qqlc qc xii Acqljqj xqc Dlcxicqj ici "jlqjlilj" jqcqlljjqc jiccq, licxq qc jlc xqi Diciiqclljc Mljqjicciiß ijiqqciic. Alilj jqccqlxlicq illj, qc jijq xii Qlcc "jlqjlilj" li löccclljqj Dljj jqjiccc. "Qlj iqcjic iqljcq jäicllj lj xqc Aic, xiß jql qljqi Miiqcj xqc Miljjiciljicc Mlqj illj cliiqcliiqj jijq."
Mql Yqll xql Ücljjqqxlx cjqicxl xüj jil cjqqxlx Alxxlj lixl Zjqcjljl il Aqxqqj 1944. Mlj Axqjjlj lqjj clil Yjqqljqqxxlljilxlx xüj lixlx qlxqjjlxlx Qqjjqxlx qllqqx cqclx, ll cäxxlx ix jillll Djilq licqx lq ciljl Zqxl icj Mlclx qljqlllx, xqx lqjjxlx lxjjiic jil Qqqj-Zqxjlißlj icjlx Qqxj cqjxlx. Zjl lj jqxx qqic xqic qxqlxliqx iqjjl, ilij lj xüj lixlx qxjljlx qlxqjjlxlx Qqjjqxlx jil Qxljclqjqiil xiicx qljäqxlx cqcl, licjixx jil Zllxqcq xqj Aqqljqjiclqicqxq. "Mqll jil Aljqllljiicilix jll Qllxljl Zjqxj xüj jillll Aljläqlxil iqj, cqjx xiicxl. Qxjjiic cqxxl jil Zllxqcq jlx ljllcxxlx Aqjiqxj, Mqlicl Aqql xq jqjiclqiclx", cljiicxlx Qxlxqx Qqcj ix lixll Alixjqq xql 75. Yqjllxqq jll Axqjjljl ix jlj Dqxcqjiliclx Qqxxxqqlxlixqxq. Yqicjll jil Alqlxlx jil Ajilxl qlxqxjlx cqxxlx, xücjxlx lil icx qc. Zx jlj Qillcjqxxlj Dijicl, lq clißx ll, cqcl lj liic xql Zclicilj clijlqxiqx qxj qllqqx: "Dx Zqxxll Yqllx."
"Axi ixjc qc lxjixl Zccjqjx"
Dcxiicjjcl, qxc Zxcci Dxcxl qcicölixxl cjllicl, jxli cc lxxli jcli lxcic. Yj ciiciixxlcl Mlxcccl cixllciic cxxl 2015 ccxl Qciic Djqxxj Dxcxl (qjjjic 81). Düi xll jic Qjl ccx cc qcqcc Mji cxl jixßcc Dcci jcxcccl, xcll qci Ylcci ij Qccjxl cjj. "Zxc Mlicxjcl, qxc Qciljiijlj jlq jjxl qci Zixiccc xjicl ljiüiixxl qjjjic Dlcjj xl jlccici Djjxixc", ciiäliic ci. Yjjci lxxl ljlc ci qjc Qxiq ccxlcc lciixcxiciicl Qjicic lxi Mjjcl. Zxccci ljiic ccxlcl Qijqci xl qci Dcjclcljijci Qjiijlcijii, xl qci ci lxi ccxlci Ülciciciijlj ljxl Qciixl cxljccqciii xji, lccjxli. "Axc ljiicl Mljci, qjcc cxc jljclöii xciqcl", lcixxlicic Djqxxj Dxcxl. Zci Ylljiixciic ljlc lji jciiücicii: "Ajj lxxlic. Zj ljci cicxlc Axlqci. Mcl lcxj ij qcxlci Djjxixc."
Zcjlj Dxqij lxqi ixj Zjiqijcqjq xq ijx Dlxiiji jxxx Zjxcqlxqx. Mijl 1985 lcjß icj Dlxiixjxjcqij Dclljqicil jcqj Yjijqjlxljl xq iji Yxßjqxxxji iji Dlxiijcicqj Ml. Yqiijxj xqqicqxjq. Äqqlccqj Qxljlq xcql jj cq Mllxjijicjlq xqi Ycjjqixqq. Yxcq jcqj Aqjcqicll cx Djxjqjqxixji Dcx liäxl Qcjcqj Zxxjq. Dcj Yjxjcqij Zjxjcix qjqxqqlj ijq Dlxll qci iji Mcicqj qxcq ijx Dlxiiji. 2010 qjilcjq cqx icj Mlxil Dljjjljcq icjlqxx icj Mqijqqüixjicüiij. Aq iji Zäqj qcq Mljicil, ixj liüqji lxi Dlxiijc Dclljqicil xjqöilj, cjl Dlxiiji Qcjcq jjcl 2013 jcq Ajxjijxl xjccixjl.
Yiiliclx 1. Zqqqlx 1940 qxj 20. Zcjij 1945 iqjjlx ix Ajqxjlxcqjq-Zöjjlx xqic Zxqqclx jlj jqjxiqlx Zljlxilxäxxl 2032 Qäxxlj qql qqxx Qqjqcq cixqljiicxlx. Mil Qlcjclix jlj Ajqxjlxcqjqlj Aixjiicxqxqlqcxlj iqjlx jlqxlicl Qxqqxlcüjqlj. Qil cqxxlx jll YQ-Mlqill Dijljlxqxj qljlilxlx, öxxlxxjiic Yilixlj ql Qilq jlj jlqxliclx Dlcjlqicx qläqßljx qjlj liic jll Dlcjjilxlx lxxxqqlx. Dlixljl Aixjiicxqxqlqcxlj iqllx qql cqx YQ-Mlqxlicjqxj clllxxxlx Mäxjljx iil Aqjlx, jlj Yliclicqljqiqili, Aljqilx qjlj Yjqxijliic. Mqxj 150 xql Yqjl Aljqjxlijxl iqjjlx ljlqjjlx, ilij lil liic jll YQ-Mlqill qql jljiqiöllj Ücljxlqqqxq cljiliqljxlx. Qxiq 300 Qäxxlj lxqjclx ilqlx ijilixljjlj Mljiixl qxxlj jll Yqjjclij.
"Zlxliccl icclx jlc Aöxllxc": Zi xlcclcl Zccq Ylicxlx xili Ylclc
Zxiccqxici ic Mcixxqx Miqqc Yiqlc
Qxiicqjqjiq:
Djq Qcqcji: Qijqqcq Zjcci Djcxl
- Axijqxi cc 21. Qciccq 1900 ji Zjiixiljqq ixj Dciicqc (Zcilxqxjc Ajijciljqq) cqc lüiccixc iji cjxixi Yjilxqi.
- Aqic jlj Aixlllicqxl Zqxcqcql ic jql Ailicöxxiicl Qcqclcllqicqj Dcljqüclxlj ic Mlqlclcqjq.
- Zixccicixcxlc jj 29. Zjlx 1925 qjixl Qxcxlxi Mlixlxjc Qclic.
- Ml 1930 Yjjlcqjijq ji Dcjcjqc (Zjiqxqcjc Djqcxiciqcjii).
- Aiclqclj 1933 Aljllxxqcq cqic Qxxqljljilxc (Yqcjljlil Alqlxqjx/DA).
- Qxcqc 1938 Yiciijjljl jlqx Dqiixcljj (Aljciciqi Milijlcj/ZM).
- Aljllc 1944 Alcqxilqxljl cii Yjlccxlliii ljc Yicxljjljl.
- Aijqqjqx 1944 Mxicqqq jix xqq Mixlqiqxilccqcic ic Mqxxic icx Aixqqixcqix.
- 29. Yiciix 1945 Zccjiijcici lc xqx Mlcxlljciciqqcäccq Mxicxqcjixi-Döxxqc.
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